Extrinsic feedback
Feedback can also come from a variety of different external sources such as a coach, teacher and/or teammate.
Depending on the context, there are differing ways this information can be provided:
- verbal
- video
- written
Verbal
Verbal feedback is often delivered immediately after a performance. It will involve a coach or teammate telling a performer the strengths and weaknesses in their performance.
For example, Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola (below) will tell his players how to improve their decision-making for the mental factor.
Video
Extrinsic feedback can be provided visually using video. Video lets performers watch their performance back and highlights their strengths and weaknesses.
This is often compounded by watching a A model performer is someone who can perform to an almost exemplary standard in an activity. perform the same skill and noting similarities and differences between performances.
When learning how to perform the overhead clear in badminton, performers often watch their own performance on video against criteria provided by a model performer to spot certain sub-routines they need to develop.
Written
A coach or teacher can provide a performer with written feedback. The coach may write down both the positives and negatives of a performance.
A big benefit of this feedback is that it can be stored as a permanent record and viewed again in the future to see if improvements have been made.
In the example above, the performer can see they need to work on their etiquette for the social factor. Plans can now be put in place to develop this and comparisons made with future feedback to see if progress has been made.