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What are metabolic pathways?

All cells produce substances that are essential for them to function properly.

Metabolic pathways are integrated and controlled reactions within a cell. These reactions are controlled by the presence or absence of which act as .

In animals, specific metabolic pathways can produce vitamins and haemoglobin.

Metabolic pathways can be described as a series of chemical reactions that:

  • start with a
  • finish with an end product
Basic enzyme controlled metabolic pathway. Substrate 1 changed by enzyme 1 becoming substrate 2.  This is changed by enzyme 2 becoming substrate 3 which is changed by enzyme 3 to create end product.

Thousands of metabolic pathways exist and most involve multiple steps – some can be hundreds of steps long! All metabolic pathways together form a complex network that is necessary to maintain life.