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Specific cellular defences against pathogensB lymphacytes

Lymphocytes are the white blood cells involved in the specific immune response. They produce antibodies that respond to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens. Memory cells remain in the blood stream and lead to a quicker and stronger defence against a secondary infection by the same pathogen.

Part of Human BiologyNeurobiology and immunology

B lymphacytes

Stylized illustration of a Y-shaped antibody
Image caption,
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that bind to specific antigens

The role of the B lymphocytes is to produce antibodies against antigens, which leads to the destruction of the pathogen.

Antibodies are Y-shaped protein molecules which have binding sites specific to particular antigens. When antibodies bind to antigens, the pathogen is inactivated.

Allergic reaction

B lymphocytes can trigger an immune response against substances that are harmless to the body, for example, pollen. This can trigger conditions such as hay fever and allergic asthma. This hypersensitive response to a harmless antigen is called an allergic reaction.