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Forces For Change

PETROLEUM
The discovery of petroleum in Africa created immense wealth for some countries in the early days, and balance of payment problems for other countries when the international price of oil went up. In the long term oil rich countries sometimes found their wealth distorted economic growth; Nigeria is a good example.

TELEVISION AND RADIO
Radio came to Africa under colonial rule in the 1920's. It had a profound effect on people's sense of national unity at the start of independence. State-run radio stations in many countries made great efforts to record and broadcast the voices and songs of different parts of the country.

BEVERAGES FROM TINNED MILK TO GUINNESS
Certain tastes acquired under colonial rule stayed in Africa. Tinned milk, Guinness and beer are good examples. The brewing industry is one of the most successful on the continent, even in times of war.