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Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor |
The Civil War Begins
The Parliamentarians and the Royalists prepared for war. Then Charles decided to prosecute five of his principal opponents in the Commons for high treason, these MPs were tipped off and were absent went Charles I stormed the Commons Chamber. This action lost him the support of many moderates and hastened Civil War. Charles I left London.
On 1st June 1642 Parliament presented 19 Propositions to the King inviting him to surrender his whole effective sovereignty over Church and State.
England went to war. Both sides fought in the name of the king and both upheld the Parliamentary institution. In August 1642 the King raised his royal standard in Nottingham. This was the formal declaration of war.
HENRIETTA MARIA (1609-1669)- The youngest daughter of Henry IV of France
- Became Queen of England by marrying Charles I in 1625
- After the death of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, she and Charles became devoted
- Her Catholicism fueled fears
- Often manipulated Charles but not always wisely
- Moved to France in 1644
- Left poverty-stricken on Charles's execution
- Further angered Anglicans by trying to convert her children to Rome
When Charles I entered the Chamber to arrest the five members it was the first and last time a king or queen had set foot in the Chamber.In 1660 Oliver Cromwell's body, buried in Westminster Abbey, was dug up and executed. The Roundheads got their name from the pudding basin haircuts of the Guild and Trade apprentices.
Extracts from the Nineteen Propositions
- The Council should be appointed by Parliament
- The King's Great Officers of State should be appointed by Parliament
- The tutors of the Princes and Princesses should be appointed by Parliament
- Parliament should be given complete control over the militia and over the army required for the re conquest of Ireland
- A Church Settlement should be determined by the wishes of Parliament
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes king of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament
Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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