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Charles I, raising the Royal Standard |
The King's on the Run
For 11 years James I ruled without Parliament, through the King's Council. War with Scotland made him recall Parliament in 1640, this was the Short Parliament, it lasted three weeks. John Pym, a Puritan, wanted to discuss the grievances of the last 11 years before giving Charles the money for his war. Charles dissolved Parliament but was forced to recall it in November. John Pym and John Hampden dominated the new House of Commons.
Thomas Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford, spoke for the King outlining the correspondence carried on by Pym and others with the invading Scots. Pym was furious and Parliament impeached Strafford, he was tried for treason. Parliament passed the Act of Attainder, Charles was forced to sign it and Strafford was executed in 1641. This led to rebellion in Ireland.
William Laud was impeached in 1644, found not guilty by the Lords which meant another Bill of Attainder had to be granted by the Commons before his execution in 1645.
The Monarch's constitutional rights were challenged by the Commons culminating in the Grand Remonstrance which Charles could not accept. Civil War was inevitable.
JOHN PYM (c. 1584-1643)- An Oxford-educated Somerset man
- An MP in the Parliaments of the 1620s
- Became bitterly critical of Government
- A leading militant against Charles I at the Long Parliament
- Arranged both Strafford's and Laud's impeachments and executions
- Helped draft the Grand Remonstrance in 1641
- Charles I tried to seize him as one of the five members in 1642
- Set up governmental, military and financial administrations to support the war against Charles
- Died of cancer in 1643
Charles I was called upon by the Commons, under the leadership of John Pym: to ban the bishops from the House of Lords; to guarantee no more than three years between Parliaments; to surrender his right to dissolve Parliament without its consent.
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes king of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament
Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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| THREE OF THOSE ACCUSED BY THE GRAND REMONSTRANCE | | • | The Jesuited Papists, who hate the laws as the obstacles of that change and subversion of religion which they so much long for. |
| • | The Bishops, and the corrupt part of the clergy who cherish formality and superstition as the natural effects and more probably supports of their own ecclesiastical tyranny and usurption. |
| • | Such Councilors and Courtiers as for private ends have engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign princes or states to the prejudice of his Majesty and the State at home. |
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