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3 Oct 2014

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This Sceptred Isle

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This Sceptred Isle

A Treaty of Serene and Potent Kings
The war of Austrian Succession was over. France was tired. Frederick the Great had won Silesia. England was preoccupied with the Jacobite Rebellion. In London there was more concern for the National Debt than losing the war in Europe. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapell was signed in 1748. The war was inconclusive, so was the treaty and within 8 years England would be at war again.

By the middle of the 18th Century Britain's foreign interests were growing. Britain had territories stretching from India to the Americas. A strong foreign policy was required and not one based on traditional relations and animosities in Europe. England's first interest was now trade rather than political or military ambitions.

William Hogarth
William Hogarth
WILLIAM HOGARTH (1697-1764)

  • Painter and engraver, internationally celebrated and a champion of 18th century British artists
  • Became known by engraved reproductions of his satirical and moral paintings - famously the Harlot's Progress (1732), the Rake's Progress (1733-1735) and Marriage a la Mode (1743-1745)
  • Gin Lane illustrates the commonplace of drunkenness in London

did you know?
William Hogarth painted a picture called The March to Finchley depicting a soldier, on side being tugged by a dark-cloaked, haggard female with a swinging crucifix who clutches the newspapers of the day. On the other arm is a comely lady, heavily pregnant, a basket on her arm contains a scroll saying 'God Save the King'. The soldier is Hogarth's Britain and the two women are fighting for his soul. The dark figure is Catholicism in the form of the Jacobites. The lady in white is for the monarch and the child she carries is Britain's child.


NOTE FROM PEHR KALM'S DIARY 1748
(Pehr Kalm was a Swedish naturalist en route to America)

"March seventeen hundred and forty eight. Breakfast, was almost everywhere partaken of by those more comfortably off, consisted in drinking tea. They ate at the same time one or more slices of wheat-bread, which they had first toasted at the fire and when it was very hot had spread butter on it. In the summer they do not toast the bread, but only spread the butter on it before they eat it. The cold rooms here in England in the winter, and because the butter is then hard from the cold, and does not easily admit of being spread on the bread, have perhaps given them the idea to thus toast the bread, and then spread the butter on it while it is still hot.

"Dinner. The Englishmen understand almost better than any other people the art of properly roasting a joint, which is not to be wondered at, because the art of cooking as practiced by most Englishmen does not extend much beyond roast beef and plum pudding".

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Chronology
1727George I dies
George II becomes king
1728 Irish Catholics deprived of the vote
1731 Captain Jenkins loses his ear
1739 War of Jenkins' ear against Spain
1740 Famine in Ireland
War of Austrian Succession
1742 Walpole resigns
1742 Pelham becomes Prime Minister
1745 Last Jacobite Rebellion breaks out
1746 Jacobites defeated at Cullodan
1751 Death of Frederick Prince of Wales
1754 Tom Pelham, Duke of Newcastle becomes Prime Minister
1756 Pitt the Elder becomes Secretary at War
Seven Years' War starts
1760 George II dies
George III becomes king


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