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	3 Oct 2014

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William, Duke of Cumberland

Hogarth, the Price of Gin & Pitt the Elder
The Jacobite rebellion was quashed by the Duke of Cumberland in 40 minutes on the Moor of Culloden. The Jacobite peers were beheaded, the Scottish Secretary of State's office closed. Protestantism and education were encouraged.

In Parliament the Pelhams wanted William Pitt, the Elder in Government, the King refused. The Pelhams pressed their point and the King agreed that William Pitt should become Secretary at War but that he would not admit him into his presence.

The King complained of being forced and Lord Bath encouraged him. William Pitt renounced the office. The Pelhams refused to allow him to go and demanded that the King give him and them a public vote of confidence. The King refused and the Pelhams resigned. This was the first time a British Government resigned on a matter of political principle.

Bath and Granville, the opposition, were asked by the King to form a Government but did not have the support of the Commons. The King had to back down. The Pelhams were invited back. Pitt was not made Secretary at War but Joint Vice Treasurer of Ireland and then soon after Paymaster General of the Forces.

PRINCE WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (1721-1765)

George II's second son and Third Duke of Cumberland
Known as The Butcher after his slaughter of the Jacobites at Culloden in 1746
As all royalty of the time, he was a political patron and supported William Pitt the Elder and Henry Fox
He was influential in the formation of the first Rockingham ministry

did you know?
In 1745 after Culloden the kilt and the bagpipes were banned. Thirty years later the ban was lifted when the Jacobite threat was considered over.

EXTRACT FROM LETTER FROM THE EARL OF NEWCASTLE TO LORD CHESTERFIELD (THEN LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND)
.... His Majesty was extremely irritated, loudly complaining of our conduct both at home and abroad, unwilling to give us any satisfaction of assurance of his countenance or support and plainly shewing a most determined predilection for the other party.

Upon this, we thought, in duty to the King and in justice to ourselves, the wisest and honestest part that we could take was to desire leave to resign our employments.

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1727 George I dies
George II becomes king

1728 Irish Catholics deprived of the vote

1731 Captain Jenkins loses his ear

1739 War of Jenkins' ear against Spain

1740 Famine in Ireland
War of Austrian Succession

1742 Walpole resigns

1742 Pelham becomes Prime Minister

1745 Last Jacobite Rebellion breaks out

1746 Jacobites defeated at Cullodan

1751 Death of Frederick Prince of Wales

1754 Tom Pelham, Duke of Newcastle becomes Prime Minister

1756 Pitt the Elder becomes Secretary at War
Seven Years' War starts

1760 George II dies
George III becomes king

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