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Most people in medieval times never saw a doctor. Peasants might seek treatment in a variety of ways.

• They could visit the local wise-woman, who was skilled in the use of herbs.
• Monasteries, eg Tintern, Strata Florida and Neath had infirmaries and monks with knowledge of herbal cures.
• The priest might use the power of prayer, or might suggest a pilgrimage to a holy shrine, eg a visit to the shrine of St Thomas Becket in Canterbury, which was said could cure epilepsy or leprosy.

• Across Wales dynion hysbys (wise men) were consulted for all sorts of reasons, eg to cure illnesses, to find lost people and possessions or to lift curses. They usually affected their cures by giving a piece of paper on which would be written some words in English or Latin, often accompanied by occult symbols.
• The barber surgeon would pull out teeth, set broken bones and perform minor operations, as well as cut hair.

These cures were a mixture of superstition, religion and herbal remedies, some of which are still used today.