Exam skills - applied anatomy and physiology practice questions
Questions
- Identify the equation to work out cardiac output (Q).
- A) stroke volume Ă— heart rate
- B) blood pressure Ă— heart rate
- C) tidal volume Ă— stroke volume
- D) blood pressure Ă— stroke volume
- Identify the muscle that forms an antagonistic pair with the triceps. (1)
- Describe what happens to the air when you breathe in. (2)
- Discuss how the cardiovascular system adapts to long term aerobic exercise participation. (8)
Answers
- A
- Biceps
- Taken back to the heart (1) and pumped around body (1) - some might use the term diffuse into blood (1) and then transported to heart (1) or oxygenated the blood (1)
- Answer to include:
- decreased resting BP
- cardiac hypertrophy – increased stroke volume (SV), increased cardiac output (Q), decreased resting heart rate (HR) , increased max Q, increased HR reserve means the athlete can train at the same intensity at lower HR
- capillarisation around the alveoli and skeletal muscle means greater O2 diffusion
- increased strength of respiratory muscles, increased vital capacity, decreased breathing frequency (f), decreased tidal volume means greater amount of O2 available to working muscle
- increased red blood cell production, increased haemoglobin level, increased O2 carrying capacity, increased gaseous exchange, means greater O2 carrying capacity