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Plants have also developed defences against infectious microorganisms.

Structural defences

• Waxy cuticle to prevent microorganisms entering the leaf.
• Thick cell walls to prevent microorganisms entering the cells.

Chemical defences

Plants can produce chemicals that kill infectious microorganisms (bacteria/viruses/fungi).

Examples

The antimicrobial chemicals produced by mint can kill or reduce the growth of bacteria.

A chemical (digitalis) made by foxgloves is poisonous to slugs and other animals that feed on it.