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Simplifying surds

Surds can be simplified if the number in the root symbol has a square number as a .

Learn these general rules:

  • \(\sqrt{ab} = \sqrt{a} \times \sqrt{b}\)
  • \(\sqrt{a} \times \sqrt{a} = a\)
  • \(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}} = \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} = \sqrt{a \div b}\)

Examples

Simplify √12.

\(12 = 4 \times 3\), so we can write \(\sqrt{12} = \sqrt{(4\times3)} = \sqrt{4}\times\sqrt{3}\)

\(\sqrt{4} = 2\) (as 4 is a square number) so \(\sqrt{12} = 2\sqrt{3}\)

Simplify \(\sqrt{10} \times \sqrt{5}\).

\(\sqrt{10} \times \sqrt{5} = \sqrt{50}\)

\(50 = 25 \times 2\), so we can write \(\sqrt{50} = \sqrt{(25 \times 2)}\) (as 25 is a square number) \( \sqrt{25} \times \sqrt{2} = 5\sqrt{2}\)

Simplify \(\frac{\sqrt{12}}{\sqrt{6}}\).

\(\frac{\sqrt{12}}{\sqrt{6}}\) = \(\sqrt{\frac{12}{6}}\) = \(\sqrt{2}\)

Question

Simplify the following surds:

  1. \(\sqrt{8}\)
  2. \(\sqrt{8} \times \sqrt{4}\)
  3. \(\sqrt{18}\)
  4. \(\frac{\sqrt{18}}{\sqrt{9}}\)