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Charles I and the Right of an Englishman
Charles I was 25 when he became King of England in 1625. Towards the end of his father's reign he virtually ruled with George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham. It was Buckingham who arranged his marriage to Henrietta Maria of France, whom the King adored.
England faced a political and religious crisis. Parliament was becoming increasingly powerful in foreign policy, the levying of taxes and in general affairs. One of the first things Parliament set out to do when Charles I came to the throne was get rid of Buckingham. He had many enemies and was generally distrusted. Parliament blocked the supply of money to the King and impeached Buckingham. Charles I was outraged and dissolved Parliament. Both Parliament and the King wanted to go to war to defend the Huguenots, or more importantly the Protestant faith.
Parliament offered Charles I subsidies and the Petition of Right which he finally accepted. Parliament once again demanded Buckingham's resignation. Charles once again dismissed the Houses.
Buckingham led the King's forces against La Rochelle where Protestant Huguenots were besieged and rescued them. To Parliament's delight and Charles's sorrow Buckingham lost his life, assassinated by one of his own men.
Charles I |
CHARLES I (1600-1649)- King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1625-1649
- The son of James I and VI and Anne of Denmark
- Married Henrietta Maria of France in 1625 which caused anxiety as she was a Catholic
- Had constant conflicts with Parliament over financial, religious and political issues and ceased to call Parliament after 1629
- After the Bishops' Wars 1639-1640, he was forced to recall Parliament and make concessions
- Confrontation over who would control the army to suppress the Irish Rebellion in 1641 became civil war in 1642
- Retreated from Westminster, first to Nottingham and then Oxford
- In 1646 he surrendered to the Scots who handed him over to the English Parliament
- Tried and executed in January 1649
Maryland in America was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes King of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by
Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament - Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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| RESOLUTIONS DEMANDED BY PARLIAMENT OF CHARLES I | | • | No freeman ought to be restrained or imprisoned unless some lawful cause is expressed. |
| • | The writ of habeas corpus ought to be granted to every man imprisoned or restrained, even though it might be at the command of the King or of the Privy Council. |
| • | If no legal cause for imprisonment is shown that party ought to be set free or bailed. |
| • | It is the ancient and undoubted right of every freeman to have a full and absolute property in his goods and estate, and no tax, loan, or benevolence ought to be levied by the King or his Ministers without common consent by Act of Parliament. |
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