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Erasmus, Anne Boleyn and the Death of Wolsey
In Cambridge a monk named Erasmus was at work on a new version of the New Testament, Novum Instrumentum. He published tracts against the superstitions of Catholicism and thus the Pope. He won respect and reform from the new scholars of England, among them Thomas More and John Colet.
Henry VIII, meanwhile, was desperate for a male heir, Catherine of Aragon had given him a daughter, Mary. He set out to annul his marriage but insisted that the Pope should acknowledge his marriage as a Papal mistake. This led in the end to his falling out of favour with the Pope and to the dissolution of the monasteries. Wolsey's failure to negotiate the annulment with the Pope led to his downfall. He was stripped of many of his possessions and sent north to his archbishopric at York. He died on the way.
In 1527 he fell madly in love with Anne Boleyn. He finally married her in 1533. She also gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, but the King was happy until she gave birth to a stillborn baby in 1536. Henry found a new love in Jane Seymour and was easily convinced by Thomas Cromwell that Anne was having an affair. She was beheaded in 1536.
Henry VIII |
HENRY VIII (1491-1547)- King of England 1509-1547
- Lord then King of Ireland 1541
- Allied himself first to Francis I of France and then to the Pope who were at war with each other
- Desperately wanted a male heir, Catherine of Aragon had given him a daughter Mary
- His insistence that the Pope should annul his marriage on the grounds that it was a Papal mistake led to his declaration of Royal Supremacy and the dissolution of the monasteries by 1540
- Married six times
- In 1536 came the Union of Wales and England and centralised Government at Westminster ruled not only the south east and Midlands but also the north and west
- Died in 1547
Henry VIII was deeply religious and earned from the Pope the title Defender of the Faith in 1521.A rhyme reminds us of the fate of Henry VIII's wives: Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.
 
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| 1509 | Henry VII dies
Henry VIII becomes King
Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon
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| 1513 | Henry VIII defeats France at the Battle of Spurs
James IV of Scots invades England and is defeated and killed at Flodden
James V, King of Scots
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| 1514 | Wolsey becomes Archbishop of York
Mary Tudor, Henry's sister, marries Louis XII of France
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| 1515 | Wolsey becomes Lord Chancellor and cardinal
Francis I becomes King of France
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| 1516 | Birth of Princess Mary
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| 1518 | Wolsey made Papal Legate
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| 1519 | Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor
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| 1520 | Henry VIII meets Francis I of France at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.
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| 1529 | Wolsey falls from power
Sir Thomas More becomes Chancellor
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| 1531 | Thomas Cromwell becomes a privy councillor
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| 1533 | Henry VIII secretly marries Anne Boleyn
Cranmer is made Archbishop of Canterbury
Cranmer grants Henry's divorce
Birth of Princess Elizabeth
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| 1534 | Act of Supremacy
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| 1536 | Catherine of Aragon dies
Anne Boleyn is executed
Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour
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| 1537 | Prince Edward is born
Jane Seymour dies
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| 1538 | James V of Scots marries Mary of Guise
Henry VIII is excommunicated
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| 1540 | Henry VIII marries and divorces Anne of Cleves
Thomas Cromwell is executed
Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard
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| HENRY VIII'S WIVES | | • | Catherine of Aragon (m. 1509) |
| • | Anne Boleyn (m. 1533) |
| • | Jane Seymour (m. 1536) |
| • | Anne of Cleves (m. 1540) |
| • | Catherine Howard (m. 1540) |
| • | Catherine Parr (m.1543) |
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