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The Death of Dickens and a Question of Monarchy
In 1870 William Forster introduced his Education Bill. His aim was more schools, good and active schools' inspectors and religious freedom. The Church schools carried on with increased grants. Local education boards could now put education on the rates and for the first time children would not be denied elementary education because their families could not afford it.
In 1871 the Judicature Act reformed the law courts. A Supreme Court was set up, with appropriate divisions and procedure and methods of appeal were made uniform.
In 1870 France declared war on Prussia. Britain did nothing, partly because the army was run-down. Gladstone decided it was time to re-structure and re-equip the army, Edward Cardwell went to work. Flogging was abolished. Men could join up for as little as six years and then go on reserve for six years. Officers could no longer buy commissions and the commander-in-chief became subordinate to the Secretary of War. The country infantry regiments were created and the Martini-Henry breech loading rifle was introduced.
J S Mill |
JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873)- Philosopher and one of the most important 19th-century thinkers
- His Scottish economic-philosopher father personally gave him his classical education from the age of three
- Utilitarian
- Radical MP for Westminster 1865-1868
- India Office civil servant
- His A System Of Logic published in 1843 heavily influenced the thinking of economists and political philosophers to the end of the 20th Century
- Believed in individual freedom both in an out of a democracy
- Campaigned for the extension of the franchise and a system of proportional representation
- Believed in political education so that people could make an informed choice
In 1869 the Suez Canal opened.
WILLIAM FORSTER'S EXAMPLES OF THE SAD STATE OF EDUCATION IN 1870
"One two-fifths of the children of the working classes between the ages of six and ten years are on the registers of the Government schools. "In Liverpool 20,000 children between five and thirteen do not attend school. "In Manchester, not including Saltford, 16,000 do not attend school. Leeds and Birmingham were as bad as Liverpool.
 
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| 1837 | Victoria becomes Queen
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| 1859 | Palmerston becomes Prime Minister
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| 1861 | Prince Albert dies
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| 1865 | Palmerston dies
Russell becomes Prime Minister
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| 1868 | Disraeli becomes Prime Minister
Gladstone becomes Prime Minister
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| 1870 | Franco-Prussian War
First Irish Land Act
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| 1874 | Disraeli becomes Prime Minister
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| 1877 | Victoria becomes Empress of India
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| 1880 | Gladstone becomes Prime Minister
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| 1881 | Disraeli dies
Second Irish Land Act
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| 1885 | Salisbury becomes Prime Minister
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| 1887 | Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
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| 1892 | Gladstone becomes Prime Minister
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| 1894 | Rosebery becomes Prime Minister
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| 1895 | Salisbury becomes Prime Minister
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| 1897 | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
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| 1898 | Gladstone dies
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| 1899 | Second Boer War breaks out
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| 1901 | Queen Victoria dies
Edward VII becomes king
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