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Henry II |
The Law, the Church and the Coming Tragedy
England in the reign of Henry II at last seemed to be enjoying some peace. London was reputed to have been a happy and healthy place.
Henry II reorganised the legal system. He set up the jury system and created the Common Law. He aimed to rely on documents rather than memory. He wanted justice to be swift.
Henry II was also interested in the Church and early in his reign he ruled closely with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket who was then his closest friend.
NICHOLAS BREAKSPEAR (1100-1159), POPE ADRIAN IV - Born near St Albans
- Studied in Paris
- Became a Canon and then Abbot of St Rufus in Avignon
- Made a Cardinal in 1149
- Reorganised the Church in Scandinavia as papal legate
- Elected Pope in December 1154
- Granted Ireland to Henry II thus causing the controversies in Ireland that have raged ever since
Pope Adrian IV whose name was Nicholas Breakspear was the only English Pope (1154).
 
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| 1154 | Henry II becomes king
Nicholas Breakspear becomes Pope Adrian IV
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| 1155 | Henry receives papal bull to conquer and rule Ireland
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| 1162 | Thomas Becket becomes archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1164 | Constitutions of Clarendon are issued
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| 1165 | William I, the Lion, of Scots
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| 1170 | Richard de Clare invades Ireland
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| 1177 | Henry II's youngest son, John, is made lord of Ireland
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| 1183 | Henry the Young King dies
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| 1189 | Henry is defeated by his son Richard and Philip II Augustus of France
Richard I, the Lionheart, becomes king
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| PLANTAGENET QUEENS | | • | Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen to Henry II |
| • | Berengaria of Navarre, Queen to Richard I |
| • | Isabel of Angouleme, Queen to John I |
| • | Eleanor of Provence, Queen to Henry III |
| • | Eleanor of Castile, Queen to Edward I |
| • | Isabella of France, Queen to Edward II |
| • | Phillippa of Hainault, Queen to Edward III |
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