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Queen Caroline and the Emergence of Pitt
George II did not much like Sir Robert Walpole but Queen Caroline supported him and George II trusted her judgment. Those who were out of office, congregated round Frederick, Prince of Wales at Leicester House, among them was William Pitt. In 1737 George II argued with his son, Frederick. Later that year Queen Caroline died. For Walpole the end was at hand.
Walpole's peaceful, prosperous government had many critics. France believed that the differences of France, Spain, Austria and of course Britain should be settled by war. By the mid 1730s Austria went to war against Spain and France and Britain would be quick to follow.
Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of George II |
CAROLINE OF ANSBACH (1768-1821)- Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
- Daughter of the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
- In 1705, married Prince George of Hanover the son of the Elector and, as George I, the first of the Hanoverian King of England
- As Princess of Wales was famous for her salon of writers and politicians at Leicester House
- When her husband became King, she would act as his Regent when he was abroad
Queen Caroline occasionally dined at Sir Robert Walpole's home in Chelsea. When she did so she sat down to table with Lady Walpole, the members of the Royal Family and the lady in waiting who accompanied her. Sir Robert stood behind her chair and served her the first plate and then withdrew to dine in a different room.
DANIEL DEFOE'S DESCRIPTION OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN YORKSHIRE, EARLY 1720s.
"Having thus fire and water at every dwelling, there is no need to enquire why they dwell thus dispers'd upon the highest hills, the convenience of the manufacturers requiring it. Among the manufacturers' houses are likewise scattered an infinite number of cottages in which dwell the workmen which are employed, the women and children of whom are always busy carding, spinning, et cetera so that no hands being unemploy'd, all can gain bread, even from the youngest to the antient; hardly anything above four years old, but its hands are sufficient to itself. "If we knocked at the doors of the master manufacturers, we presently saw a house full of lusty fellows, some at the dye vat, some dressing cloths, some in the loom, some one thing, some another, all hard at work, and full employed upon the manufacture, and all seeming to have sufficient business."
 
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| 1727 | George I dies
George II becomes king
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| 1728 | Irish Catholics deprived of the vote
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| 1731 | Captain Jenkins loses his ear
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| 1739 | War of Jenkins' ear against Spain
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| 1740 | Famine in Ireland
War of Austrian Succession
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| 1742 | Walpole resigns
Pelham becomes Prime Minister
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| 1745 | Last Jacobite Rebellion breaks out
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| 1746 | Jacobites defeated at Cullodan
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| 1751 | Death of Frederick Prince of Wales
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| 1754 | Tom Pelham, Duke of Newcastle becomes Prime Minister
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| 1756 | Pitt the Elder becomes Secretary at War
Seven Years' War starts
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| 1760 | George II dies
George III becomes king
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