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William I, the Conqueror |
Death of the Conqueror
William the Conqueror changed the way the English lived. He decreed that a person's loyalty should be first and foremost to their king and secondly to their lord.
William's first loyalty though was to Normandy even though England was the more valuable possession. He left his wife Queen Matilda to act as regent in Rouen.
The eldest son, Robert was a Crusading knight. He resented his father's long life and impatiently waited to claim his Norman inheritance. He conspired with the French Court to overthrow his father and had to find refuge from his father at King Philip's castle of Gerberoi.
William's second son, William, later succeeded him to the English throne and was William Rufus. The third son was Henry who later became Henry I of England and Duke of Normandy.
William had to spend more and more time in Normandy defending his dukedom against his son, Robert. In 1087 he was fatally injured when his horse slipped. William was taken to St Gervase at Rouen, his sons, William and Henry came to his deathbed but Robert did not.
ROBERT II DUKE OF NORMANDY (1053-1134)- The eldest son of William the Conqueror
- Inherited Normandy on his father's death in 1087
- His father's half-brother Odo of Bayeux challenged William Rufus on Robert's behalf but was defeated.
- In 1096, Robert joined the First Crusade mortgaging Normandy to William Rufus of England for 10,000 marks
- On William Rufus's death, battled for six years with his youngest brother Henry I of England until the latter defeated him at Tinchebrai in Normandy in 1106
- Remained in prison until his death in 1134
- Buried at Gloucester Cathedral
William and his son Robert fought each other in single combat. Robert wounded his father in the hand and unhorsed him and William was only saved from death at his son's hand by an Englishman, Tokig of Wallingford, who helped him to remount.
 
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| 1087 | William the Conqueror dies
William Rufus becomes king of England
Robert becomes II Duke of Normandy
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| 1088 | Odo of Bayeaux challenged William Rufus on Robert's behalf
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| 1093 | Donald III Bane, king of Scots
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| 1097 | Edgar, king of Scots
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| 1100 | Henry I, king of England
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| 1101 | Treaty of Alton confirms Henry I as king of England and Robert as Duke of Normandy
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| 1106 | Henry I defeats Robert at Tinchebrai and becomes Duke of Normandy
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| 1107 | Alexander I, king of Scots
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| SOME NORMAN CHURCHES TO VISIT | | • | St Mary and St Ethelfleda, Romsey, Hampshire |
| • | St Mary, Kippax, Yorkshire |
| • | St Helen and St Giles, Rainham, Havering, Greater London |
| • | St Mark and St Luke, Avington, near Newbury, Berkshire |
| • | All Saints, West Farleigh, Kent |
| • | St Nicholas, Barfreston, Kent |
| • | St Andrew, Little Snoring, Norfolk |
| • | Battle Abbey (ruins), East Sussex |
| • | St Mary the Virgin, Little Abington, Cambridgeshire |
| • | St John the Evangelist, Cross Canonby, Cumbria |
| • | St Nicholas, Castle Hedingham, Essex |
| • | St Mary's, Frampton, Lincolnshire |
| • | St Mary's, Wissington, Suffolk |
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