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Computers can be used to help solve problems. However, before a problem can be tackled, it must first be understood. Computational thinking helps us to solve problems.

Algorithms are step-by-step plans for solving problems. Algorithms can be designed using pseudocode and flow diagrams.

Sorting and searching are two of the most frequently needed algorithms in program design. Standard algorithms have evolved to take account of this need.

Programs are designed using common building blocks, known as programming constructs. These programming constructs form the basis for all programs.

Proficient programming requires knowledge of many techniques. These techniques allow for powerful, complex programs.

Programs must run correctly or they are of little value. Careful planning and testing of a program are essential, as is writing maintainable code.

At the simplest level, computers are little more than a collection of transistors and circuits. They connect together to form logic gates, which in turn are used to form logic circuits.

Translators are needed to translate programs written in high level languages into the machine code that a computer understands. Tools exist to help programmers develop error-free code.