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Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect people all over the world. They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. Tectonic hazards can destroy buildings, infrastructure and cause deaths.

Earthquakes are caused by the release of built-up pressure at plate boundaries. They can destroy buildings and infrastructure. Tsunamis can also occur, with equally devastating and deadly effects.

Composite and shield volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. They have distinctive characteristics and can have both positive and negative effects on people and the landscape.

Tropical cyclones are immensely powerful and can travel up to speeds of 65 km/h. Resembling large whirlpools, they are made up of rotating, moist air, with wind speeds that can reach over 120 km/h.

Heat from the equator is transferred around the globe in three cells that connect with each other, known as the tri-circular model. This creates a global pattern of atmospheric pressure and winds.

Evidence has shown that Earth’s temperature is rising due to an increase in greenhouse gases. This has created and will continue to create, a number of negative effects.