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In Roman times, the area now known as Scotland was called ‘Caledonia’. But who lived there? What did they wear? Where did they live and how did they survive?

The Romans needed a powerful army to invade foreign lands and defend their empire. But what exactly made the Roman army so successful?

The Romans invaded Caledonia (Scotland) in 79 AD. Caledonian tribes pushed back against the Romans in a battle called Mons Graupius in 83 AD. But who won and did victory last?

The Antonine Wall was built by the Romans between the Firth of Clyde and Firth of Forth. Started in 143AD, it took around ten years to complete. But what was the wall like?

Forts were camps where Roman soldiers lived. They were often built along the borders of the Roman Empire to help defend it. But what was it like to enter a fort?

The Romans believed in a lot of gods and made offerings to them for protection and blessing. But why so many gods?

The Romans invaded Caledonia (Scotland) three times. The last time was in 209 AD under Emperor Severus. But why was it their last invasion?

Although the Romans didn't stay in Caledonia for very long they certainly left their mark, including on what you eat now! But what else did they leave us with?

Vikings were very handy around the house, making their own thread, bread, and games too.

Find out why raiding was an important part of Viking life.

The Vikings were ferocious fighters who used weapons and tactics to their advantage.

When the Vikings arrived in Scotland, they brought with them their own rules and laws. Learn all about the Viking Thing!

The Vikings believed in burying people with items that would be useful in the afterlife.

The Vikings remembered their history through the epic tales of poets called Skalds.

The Vikings were brave sailors who travelled to places no other person had been to before.

The Vikings traded items from the world over using linen and silver to barter.

The unexpected death of Alexander III left Scotland in crisis and led to the Wars of Independence.

Margaret, Maid of Norway, became Queen of Scotland when she was only three-years-old.

John Balliol is remembered as the unlucky king who lost his throne to King Edward I of England.

William Wallace's important role during the Wars of Independence made him one of the most famous Scots in history.

Robert the Bruce is remembered as a great warrior and the king who won Scotland its freedom during the Wars of Independence.

Edward I is best remembered as the English king who triggered the Wars of Independence with his invasion of Scotland.

Find out about five important battles during the Scottish Wars of Independence.

The King of England invades and beats a Scottish army in battle at Dunbar.

At the Battle of Stirling Bridge William Wallace and Andrew Murray beat a huge English army.

William Wallace suffers a terrible defeat at the Battle of Falkirk.

Robert the Bruce's wins an important victory against a larger English force at Loudoun Hill.

At Bannockburn King Robert the Bruce beats Edward II's English army in the final battle of the Wars of Independence.

Find out about James Barry, the first female-born doctor in the UK.

Find out about Alexander Graham Bell and his invention of the telephone.

Kate Cranston was a successful businesswoman who created a chain of stylish tea rooms.

Find out about Lady Florence Dixie who campaigned for women's rights and helped develop women's football.

Find out how Williamina Fleming moved from being a maid to becoming an astronomer who studied and mapped over 10,000 stars.

Find out how Joseph Lister made medicine safer and became known as the 'father of modern surgery'.

Find out about architect and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the buildings and Glasgow Style he created.

Find out about James Clerk Maxwell who took the world's first colour photograph and whose discoveries about electromagnetism have shaped modern technology.

Find out about Robert Owen and how he improved living and working conditions at New Lanark.

Find out about Robert Stevenson and his family who designed many of the lighthouses around Scotland's coast.

Find out more about Eliza Wigham who campaigned for an end to slavery.

Learn how Scotland and life for Scottish people changed during the Victorian era.

Find out what the Industrial Revolution was and the changes it brought to technology, industry, engineering and transport.

Find out why the Highland Clearances happened and what the people involved did next.

Find out about life for a servant in a wealthy town house and the different types of homes where people lived in Victorian Scotland.

Find out about how different a Victorian school was to the learning and teaching that we have today.

Find out about work in a jute factory in Victorian Dundee.

Find out how Victorians in Scotland spent their free time and their holidays.

Find out what existed before castles were built in Scotland and how they first came to be in Scotland.

Find out what existed in Scotland before castles were built, like brochs, crannogs and hillforts.

Find out what the first Scottish castles were like and who built them.

Discover how King David I changed Scotland by ordering burghs and marketplaces to be built around his castles.

Scotland's medieval castles have been used throughout history to protect people from attack.

Find out how soldiers attacked castles and how the people inside stayed safe.

Find out what daily life was like for the people in Stirling Castle during a siege.

Find out what life would have been life in a Scottish clan castle.

Find out what people ate in castles and how they kept food fresh.

Find out what health and hygiene was like in a Medieval castle.

Find out what medieval people did for fun from sports to music.

Find out what happened to castles when they stopped being used for defence.

Find out about Scotland's palaces and great houses and the difference between a castle and a palace.

Find out about Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's love for Scotland and Balmoral Castle.

Find out how Scotland's castles were used during World War Two (1939-1945).

Find out how Scotland's castles are used today.